[转帖]相机的光圈是什么意思？
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span><font color="#f70909" size="3">相机的光圈是什么意思？</font><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="3"><font color="#ee1111"><strong><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 光圈英文名称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Aperture</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，光圈是一个用来控制光线透过镜头，进入机身内感光面的光量的装置，它通常是在镜头内。我们平时所说的光圈值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F2.8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F16</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">等是光圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">系数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，是相对光圈，并非光圈的物理孔径，与光圈的物理孔径及镜头到感光器件（胶片或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">CCD</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">CMOS</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">）的距离有关。</span></font></strong></font></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p></span></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p><font color="#ee1111" size="3" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><strong></strong></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="3"><font color="#ee1111"><strong><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 表达光圈大小我们是用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">值。光圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> = </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">镜头的焦距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">/</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">镜头口径的直径，从以上的公式可知要达到相同的光圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">值，长焦距镜头的口径要比短焦距镜头的口径大。当光圈物理孔径不变时，镜头中心与感光器件距离愈远，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数愈小，反之，镜头中心与感光器件距离愈近，通过光孔到达感光器件的光密度愈高，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数就愈大。完整的光圈值系列如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F1</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F1.2</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F1.4</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F2</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F2.8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F4</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F5.6</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F11</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F16</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F22</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F32</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F44</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> F64</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。</span></font></strong></font></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><p><font color="#f70909" size="3"></font></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span><br/><br/><br/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><font size="5"><font color="#eeeeee"><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这里值得一题的是光圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">值愈小，在同一单位时间内的进光量便愈多，而且上一级的进光量刚是下一级的一倍，例如光圈从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">调整到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F5.6</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，进光量便多一倍，我们也说光圈开大了一级。多数非专业数码相机镜头的焦距短、物理口径很小，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">时光圈的物理孔径已经很小了，继续缩小就会发生衍射之类的光学现象，影响成像。所以一般非专业数码相机的最小光圈都在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F11</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，而专业型数码相机感光器件面积大，镜头距感光器件距离远，光圈值可以很小。对于消费型数码相机而言，光圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">值常常介于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">F2.8 - F16</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。此外许多数码相机在调整光圈时，可以做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1/3</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">级的调整。</span></font></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="5">谈光圈之前，再复习一下快门与光圈的关系，<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="COLOR: red;">我打个比方说明，装满一桶水，水龙头打开大一点，水就流的快，很快就装满一桶水；把水龙头开小一点，水就流的慢，要装满一桶水就要花比较长的时间。水龙头的开关就是“光圈”，水流的速度就是快门。准确的装满一桶水就是正确曝光。光圈是相机镜头中的可以改变中间孔的大小的机械装置，快门是控制曝光时间长短的装置（机械或电子），二者结合，共同控制曝光量。<span lang="EN-US"><br/> <p></p></span></span></b></font></p><p></p><p></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="5">光圈数值：<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/> </span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="5"> </font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><font size="5">f1.4 / f2 / f2.8 / f4 / f5.6 / f8 / f11 / f16 / f22 / f32</font><br/> </span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">上面的光圈数值，是我们一般相机镜头上常用的光圈值，其中号码越小的光圈（</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">例如</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f1.4</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">）它的进光量会越大，相对的光圈号码越大（例如说</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f22</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">）的进光量反而小。所以一般我们在说大光圈时，就是指号数越小的光圈值，这点初学者时常会搞混。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">在每一组邻近光圈值之间，都有「一格」的光量差异</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">(</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">数码单反相机光圈更精细</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f16/f18/f20/f22</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">等于是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1/3</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">格为一个进阶</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">)</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">。例如</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f1.4 </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">与</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f2</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">两个光圈差了一格，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f5.6</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">与</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">两组光圈间也是差了一格。每一格光圈的进光量都是以倍数成长，例如</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f4</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的进光量是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f5.6</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的一倍，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f2.8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">又是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f4</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的一倍，这样倒算回去，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f2.8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的进光量就是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">f5.6</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的四倍了。其实不会算这个没有关系，目前你只要知道光圈每一格之间光量的差距是一倍就可以了。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">现在对光圈应该有点概念了吧！光圈就是水龙头的阀，开大开小会直接影响进光量及速度。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">景深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(depth of field)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在焦点前后各有一个容许弥散圆，这两个弥散圆之间的距离就叫景深，即：在被摄主体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">对焦点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">前后，<b>其影像仍然有一段清晰范围的，就是景深</b>。换言之，被摄体的前后纵深，呈现在底片面的影象模糊度，都在容许弥散圆的限定范围内。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>
<br/><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">「景深」就是在调焦使影像清晰，在焦点的前后有一段距离内的区域，能够清晰显现，而这一段范围我们称之为景深，景深越长，那么能清晰呈现的范围越大；反之，景深愈小，则前景或背景会变得模糊，模糊是因为聚焦松散所形成的一种朦胧现象。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体"><font size="3">景深计算公式<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">δ</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">——</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">容许弥散圆直径</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><font size="3">f —— </font></span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体" size="3">镜头焦距</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><font size="3">F </font></span><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">——</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">镜头的拍摄光圈值</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><font size="3">L </font></span><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">——</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">对焦距离</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L1 </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">——</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">前景深</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L2 —— </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">后景深</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">——</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">景深<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">前景深</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L1= FδL²/(f²+ FδL)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">
<p></p></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">后景深</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L2= FδL²/(f²- FδL)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">
<p></p></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">景深</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L = </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L1 + </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">Δ</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">L2 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">前景深是总景深</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1/3</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red;">，</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">后</span></font><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">景深是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2/3</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">，<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">强要同学记下这个公式我估计有一半以上的同学要举手投降了，从此退出影坛，哈哈！是不用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">强</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">记这个公式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">你去随机问问中国摄影十杰，我估计没有一个背下这个公式</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，不过前景深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1/3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，后景深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2/3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这一点蛮重要的记下来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">用来决定对焦的位置点</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <br/><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">由图上知道「光圈大景深短，光圈小景深长」。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">由景深计算公式可以看出，景深与镜头使用光圈、镜头焦距、拍摄距离以及对像质的要求</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">(</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">表现为对容许弥散圆的大小</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">)</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">有关。这些主要因素对景深的影响如下</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">(</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">假定其它的条件都不改变</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">)</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">：<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"> </span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">影响景深的三个要素：</font></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/></span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">光圈，焦距，拍摄距离。</font></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">其一，光圈越大，景深越小。光圈越小，景深越大。</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/></span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体" size="3">其二，焦距越长，景深越小，焦距越短，景深就越大。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><font size="3">
<br/></font></span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体" size="3">其三，与被摄体的距离越远，景深也就越大，拍摄距离越近，景深就越小。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">光圈与景深先知道这样，先消化一下，后面会说如何利用景深拍摄照片……</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 7.9pt 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">前面讲了，光圈是水龙头的开度，快门是水龙头的打开时间，它们存在互易的关系。那位同学问了，易来易去的，反正得到的都是恒定的曝光值，何必弄这幺麻烦呢，把光圈和快门做成固定的多省事！<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">呵呵，非也非也，这光圈和快门，各伺其职，各有不同功用，得到的是不同效果，想拍出好片子，学问都在这里面呢。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">先说光圈吧。光圈的大小用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">值表示，当</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">值为</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的时候，表示光圈是全开的，同时，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">数字越大，表示光圈开度越小、进光量越少；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">数字越小，表示光圈开度越大、进光量越多。比如，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F1</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">比</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">大，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">又比</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F22</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">大。有同学说了，数字和大小是相反的，这多别扭，也不好记呀？没关系，你只要把</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">数值理解成为倒数就可以了，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F1</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">因为是光圈全开，所以肯定是最大了，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">就当它是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1/8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">，这幺一比，当然是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">比</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1/8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">大得多啦，这样就好记了。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">光圈的大小除了能调节进光量以外，还有一个非常重要的作用，就是控制景深。景深的景，就是你要拍摄的物体，可能是漂亮</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">MM</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">、也可能是一朵美丽的鲜花、或者是雄伟的群山、辽阔的草原。景深的深，是指从相机向镜头方向延伸的、在对焦点前后的一段能够清晰成像的纵深范围。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">咦？咋还有“一段能够清晰成像的纵深范围”？难道拍到了还会不清晰吗？没错，就是这幺回事。一般来说，在对焦点之前和之后，都会有这幺一段纵深的距离，在这个范围之内的景物，拍下来会是清晰的，而超出此范围之外的物体就会模糊了，而且超出的距离越多，就会模糊得越多。大家都会有这样的经历，拍片片的时候，手并没有抖，但照出来是模糊的，这就是因为对焦不准确，你想拍的景物没在处于对焦点的景深范围之内。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体"><font size="3">明白了啥是景深，接下来是两个非常重要的问题：<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">、光圈和景深是什幺关系？<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">一句话：光圈大，景深小；光圈小，景深大。比如，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F1.8</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的大光圈，只有很小的景深，对焦点前后不太远的东西都会是模糊的。而</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">F22</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">的小光圈，拥有非常大的景深，对焦点前后很远范围内的景物都会是清晰的。人看不清东西的时候，会把眼睛眯起来，就样就能看清楚了，为啥？因为眼睛眯起来，相当于光圈缩小了，景深增大了，呵呵。听起来有点好笑，不过道理是一样的。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">、大小不同的景深，有什幺用？<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">是啊，我们照相，不是为了得到清晰的影像吗，那幺都用小光圈就好了，大的光圈景深那幺小，我们为什幺要它拍出来的模糊的东西呢？<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 7.9pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">这句话听上去不错，但实际上不对。用大光圈的原因有两个，一是在弱光环境下，我们需要更大的光圈使镜头获得更多的进光量、以尽量减少曝光时间（曝光时间长了会有噪点、会互易率失效、会因为手抖拍不清楚……），二是我们常常需要用不同的景深获得不同的影像效果，例如用大光圈的小景深，达到虚化背景和前景的目的，突出你要表现的主体。从构图的理论上讲，绘画是加法，从白纸开始添加各种元素，而摄影是减法，要把对主体有干扰的东西尽量排除掉。排除不掉的情况下，咱们就用小景深把它虚掉，呵呵。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而在拍摄草原、大海等辽阔的风景时，一般为了把远、中、近景都拍清楚，当然要用尽量小的光圈，以获得更大的景深了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上图，大光圈的例子。对着花聚焦，因为景深比较浅，所以花很清晰，但远处的背景模糊了，花做为主体，显得更突出了。</span><br/><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt 7.9pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">上图，大光圈的例子。对着读书的</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">MM</span><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">聚焦，因为景深比较浅，所以前景的枝与背景的树都模糊了，很好的突出了主体（人物），并且营造了一种很温馨、浪漫的氛围。试想一下，如果前景、背景都清晰的话，那就不知道看谁好了<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">光圈是摄影创作最重要的摄影元素之一，除了控制进光量来满足曝光需要外，也是获得特定艺术效果的重要手段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> 1</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">、<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">大光圈和成像质量成对立</span></strong>。一般情况下，大光圈时成像质量相对较差，不过新一代镜头最大光圈时的成像质量已大为改善，充分利用大光圈的成像特点可获得与众不同的图像。由于此时景深小，便于清晰反映某一特定区域而其他部位相对虚化，突出主体。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">照度较差时，如手持相机拍摄，采用大光圈可使用高速快门，防止机震影响成像清晰度。一些摄影者很少使用最大光圈，通常只用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f5.6</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f4</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">，要充分发挥大光圈的特点，则要敢于使用最大光圈，如大口径标准镜头光圈完全可用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f1.8</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f1.4</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">等最大光圈，中长焦镜头则应敢于使用最大光圈</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f2.8</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">，此时配合摄距、背景与主体的距离（背景与主体的距离越远，大光圈形成的虚化背景效果就越明显，反之亦然）等，可将大光圈的效果充分体现出来。或许最大光圈拍摄的成像质量没有中等光圈来得好，但这方面损失和所得到的艺术效果相比较仍然值得。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> 2</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">虚化背景。虚化背景时通常选择大光圈或长焦镜头</span></strong>，至于光圈究竟多大才算合适呢？实际上，除了</font></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="200" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">200mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">甚至焦距更长的远摄距镜头外，通常都要使用最大光圈。使用标准镜头拍摄不妨选择最大光圈</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f2.8</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">甚至</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f1.4</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">，只有这样才有可能获得别具一格的韵味，真正将主体与背景明显分离。由于数码相机景深相对比较大，如不采用最大光圈，主体很难突出。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> 3</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">小光圈和长景深。利用小光圈获得大景深是拍摄风光片时常常采用的方法</span></strong>，但这还要和镜头焦距、摄距等因素相结合。如用长焦镜头，在</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">2</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">－</font></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">3</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">米</font></span></chmetcnv><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">摄距时，即使用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f32</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">光圈，也不会获得很大景深。换言之，只要被摄对象和背景都处于无限远，即使光圈较大，也会有很大的景深。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> 4</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">光圈大小因题材而异。在人物摄影中，常常用到大光圈，而风光摄影使用小光圈机会较多</span></strong>。拍摄溪流，为表现流水的动感，需要采用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">1/8</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">－</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">1/2</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">秒这样的慢速度，不采用小光圈必然导致曝光过度；逆光拍摄波光舟影等，如采用到</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f22</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f32</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">这样的小光圈，水面细小的波光会产生类似加用星光镜的效果；拍摄焰火等题材，由于需要</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">1/2</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">秒－</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">1</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">秒曝光时间才能完美地表现焰火形状，因此也需要选择小光圈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";"> 5</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">、<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">小光圈宜配合三脚架使用。拍摄静物风光等题材使用小光圈</span></strong>，对成像清晰度要求比较高。在中等照度下采用</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">f22</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">光圈，快门速度常常在</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">1/30</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">秒左右，没有三脚架，手持相机拍摄，往往会因机震、人体生理运动等因素而影响清晰度，因此在照度较低时使用小光圈，要充分利用各种依托物，合理握持相机。真不行时，可提高</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">ISO</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">感光度以做补救，不过提高</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">ISO</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;"><font face="宋体">值相对也会损失成像质量，噪点会增加，所以不能一昧盲目的提高</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman";">ISO</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">值。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><strong><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">大光圈，景深短，小光圈，景深长</span></strong><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p> <p><font size="5">谢谢老师，如此详细的讲解！请问<font size="3"><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">前景深是总景深</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: arial;">1/3</span><font face="宋体"><span style="COLOR: red;">，</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新细明体;">后</span></font><span style="COLOR: red;"><font face="宋体">景深是</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: arial;">2/3</span></font>是不是所有像机固定的模式，不能人为的改变吗？</font></p> 我今天才看到，马老师好人啊！:handshake 呵呵，马老师能否露一点后帘闪的诀窍？
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